AIJ STANDARDS FOR STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF
MASONRY STRUCTURES (1989 Edition)

                              Preface

  This is the English version of the latest Standards of Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ) for
Structural Design of Masonry Structures published in 1989. Main objective for publishing this
edition is to introduce the standard Japanese structural design methods of masonry structures to
foreign countries.
  The first edition of the AIJ Standards for Structural Design of Masonry Structures was
published in 1952 as a part of the "AlJ Structural Design Standards for Special Concrete and
Masonry Structures." Since then, the Standards have been revised four times based on the
research progress and development of new materials, construction methods and long-term
experiences.
  The general scope of the masonry structures presented in this version is as follows.

REINFORCED HOLLOW CONCRETE BLOCK MASONRY STRUCTURES:
  By using the industrialized hollow concrete block units, masonry walls are designed and
constructed. In order to integrate the masonry walls, the walls are composed of hollow concrete
masonry units, mortar joints and grouting mortar or concrete around the vertical and horizontal
reinforcing bars. Other parts of structural members of this wall system including foundations,
collar beams, roof and floor slabs are usually constructed by cast-in-place reinforced concrete
members.

REINFORCED FULLY GROUTED CONCRETE MASONRY STRUCTURES:
  The bearing walls of this structural system are composed of industrialized concrete-form
masonry units such as H- and L-shapes in horizontal cross-sections, horizontal and vertical
reinforcing bars and fully grouted concrete inside the concrete-form masonry units. Other
structural elements are the same as those of the reinforced hollow concrete block masonry
structures.

CONCRETE MASONRY NONBEARING WALLS:
  This type of masonry walls are defined as partitions and/or exterior walls provided into
ordinary reinforced concrete or steel structures. The walls are composed of reinforced hollow
concrete block masonry and usually designed not to carry lateral and gravity loads except for the
loads originated by the weight of the parts.

CONCRETE MASONRY GARDEN WALLS AND FENCES:
  Main parts of this wall system are composed of ordinary hollow concrete block units,
architectural (decorated) concrete block units or concrete-form masonry units which are reinforced
by reinforcing bars provided in both vertical and horizontal directions. Bottom of the walls are
supported usually by cast-in-place reinforced concrete foundations.

UNREINFORCED MASONRY STRUCTURES:
  This structural system is composed of unreinforced masonry units such as clay bricks, natural
stones and concrete blocks, which are laid by using joint mortar. Other structural elements are the
same as those of the reinforced hollow concrete block masonry structures.

PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE ASSEMBLED FLOORS:
  This floor system is one of the precast concrete floor system which was developed for
obtaining lighter slab weight, for shortening construction periods and for saving construction
expenses. The system is expected to be available for masonry structures.

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  In addition to the design standards for masonry structures as presented above, Design Standard
and Structural Calculation Standard for reinforced Concrete Boxed-type Wall Structures are
included in the AlJ Standards for Structural Design of Concrete and Masonry Wall Structures
published in 1989. In this English version, however, these two standards for concrete wall
structures are not included.

  All of the Design Standards for masonry structures presented in this version are based on the
extensive research works and experiences for many years in Japan and foreign countries. Special
emphasis of these Standards is placed on the seismic safety of the masonry structures. After every
strong earthquakes, serious earthquake damages to masonry building structures have been
reported in many earthquake countries. The design standards presented herein would be useful for
developing more seismic masonry wall structures in many earthquake countries. This English
version includes only a brief commentaries putting emphasis on important parts for designing
more seismic masonry structures. More detailed commentaries are attached in the Japanese original
edition.

September, 1994
                                                            Steering Committee for
                                                            Concrete and Masonry Wall Structures
                                                            Architectural Institute of Japan

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RESEARCH COMMITTEE ON STRUCTURES (1993)

Chairman      Hideaki KISHIDA

Secretaries   Koichi TAKANASHI, Takao NISHIKAWA, Shiro MORITA

Members       (omitted)

STEERING COMMITTEE FOR CONCRETE AND MASONRY WALL
STRUCTURES (1993)

Chairman      Akira MATSUMURA
Secretaries   Hiroyoshi NOBUSAWA, Koji YOSHIMURA
Members       Kazuo OCHIAI, Kazuo KATO, Takashi KAMINOSONO, Masanori KAWAJI,
              Kenji KIKUCHI, Toshiyuki KUBOTA, Hideo SHINOHE,
              Yasuhisa SONOBE, Masahide TOMII, Yoshiyuki TOMIOKA,
              Takao NISHIKAWA, Mitsuaki NISHIYAMA, Susumu HACHISU,
              Masaya HIROSAWA, Nobuharu HIROHASHI,
              Yutaka YAMAZAKI, Koichiro YAMADA, Syoji SUZUKI,
              Shigeo TOGOSHI

WORKING GROUP FOR PUBLISHING THE ENGLISH VERSION OF AIJ
STANDARDS FOR STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF MASONRY STRUCTURES
(1993)

Chairman      Koji YOSHIMURA
Secretary     Kenji KIKUCHI
Members       Kazuo KATO, Mitsuaki NISHIYAMA, Hiroyoshi NOBUSAWA,
              Akira MATSUMURA, Koichiro YAMADA

  The manuscript of the Brief Commentaries were prepared in Japanese by the members of
WORKING GROUP FOR PUBLISHING THE ENGLISH VERSION OF AIJ STANDARDS
FOR STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF MASONRY STRUCTURES. The Standards and the Brief
Commentaries were then translated into English by Koji YOSHIMURA, Kenji KIKUCHI and
Koichiro YAMADA, and were finally corrected by Akira MATSUMURA and Hiroshi NEI.
  Typing of English manuscripts, figures and tables of this version was mostly carried out by
Tsuyoshi HIRAMATSU.

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AIJ STANDARDS AND
BRIEF COMMENTARIES FOR
STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF
MASONRY STRUCTURES

(1989 EDITION)

                              CONTENTS

Preface
                                                                         Page
Chapter 1   REINFORCED HOLLOW CONCRETE BLOCK MASONRY STRUCTURES
              Design Standard----------------------------------------------1
              Commentary-9

Chapter 2   REINFORCED FULLY GROUTED CONCRETE MASONRY STRUCTURES
              Design Standard---------------------------------------------33
              Commentary--------------------------------------------------41

Chapter 3   CONCRETE MASONRY NONBEARING WALLS
              Design Standard---------------------------------------------55
              Commentary--------------------------------------------------59

Chapter 4   CONCRETE MASONRY GARDEN WALLS AND FENCES
              Design Standard---------------------------------------------69
              Commentary--------------------------------------------------81

Chapter 5   UNREINFORCED MASONRY STRUCTURES
              Design Standard---------------------------------------------91
              Commentary--------------------------------------------------97

Chapter 6   PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE ASSEMBLED FLOORS
              Design Standard--------------------------------------------103
              Commentary-------------------------------------------------107

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